Can international students work off campus in the US

International students in the US cannot work off campus freely. Off‑campus work is only allowed in very specific situations, with permission from the international student office and often from USCIS. Working off campus without authorization can lead to loss of F1 status and removal from the US.

When off‑campus work is allowed

• Curricular Practical Training (CPT): Off‑campus work that is part of your degree program. It must be tied to a course or required internship. The school’s international office must approve it before you start. Available only after completing one academic year in most cases.
• Optional Practical Training (OPT): Work in your field of study, usually after graduation, but short pre‑graduation periods are possible. Requires filing an application with USCIS and waiting for an Employment Authorization Document.
• Severe Economic Hardship: A special authorization if money problems arise due to unexpected events outside your control. Requires proving the situation to the school and USCIS. Approval is not guaranteed and can take months.
• Special federal programs: Examples include certain internships with recognized international organizations. These require specific authorization and must follow strict rules.

Key rules to understand

• You must always get permission before starting. Working even one day without approval is a status violation.
• Work must relate to your major for CPT and OPT. General jobs like restaurants or stores are not allowed under these categories.
• You must stay enrolled full time while using CPT or pre‑completion OPT.
• CPT is approved by the school, but OPT and Hardship require USCIS approval, which takes time.
• You can work on campus up to 20 hours weekly during the school year without needing USCIS permission. This is different from off‑campus work.

Practical advice

• Always confirm details with the school’s international office before accepting any job offer.
• Ask whether your program supports CPT and what documents are required.
• Plan early for OPT if you want to work after graduation.
• If you face money issues, talk to the school quickly; waiting can reduce your options.